1(0) | Fruit silicles (less than 3 × longer than broad). | (2) |
+ | Fruit siliques (more than 3 × longer than broad). | (59) |
| | |
2(1) | Fruit much wider than long, 2-16-spined, with prominently 3-20-veined lateral wings larger than the seed-bearing part | 15 Pugionium 沙芥属 |
+ | Fruit longer than wide or about as long as wide, not spiny, wingless or with veinless wings smaller than the seed-bearing part. | (3) |
| | |
3(2) | Fruit flattened at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate). | (4) |
+ | Fruit flattened parallel to septum (latiseptate), terete, or angled. | (21) |
| | |
4(3) | At least some of the trichomes branched. | (5) |
+ | Trichomes absent or exclusively simple. | (8) |
| | |
5(4) | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate or sagittate at base; fruit obdeltoid to obdeltoid-obcordate | 19 Capsella 荠属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate or cuneate to petiolelike base, not auriculate or sagittate; fruit oblong, elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular. | (6) |
| | |
6(5) | Fruiting pedicels strongly recurved, often forming a loop; fruit 1- or 2-seeded, often aborted on 1 side; plants rhizomatous perennials | 23 Dipoma 蛇头荠属 |
+ | Fruiting pedicels straight, erect, ascending, or divaricate; fruit more than 5-seeded, not aborted on 1 side; plants annual, biennial, or rarely non-rhizomatous perennials. | (7) |
| | |
7(6) | Fruiting raceme bracteate throughout or rarely along proximal half; leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect; fruit more than 20-seeded | 20 Hedinia 藏荠属 |
+ | Fruiting racemes ebracteate; leaves entire, dentate, or pinnatifid; fruit less than 20-seeded | 21 Hornungia 薄果荠属 |
| | |
8(4) | Seeds (or ovules) 4-24 per fruit. | (9) |
+ | Seeds (or ovules) 1 or 2 per fruit. | (13) |
| | |
9(8) | Fruit borne on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette | 44 Pegaeophyton 单花荠属 |
+ | Fruit borne on racemes, panicles, or corymbs. | (10) |
| | |
10(9) | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul; roots not fleshy, cylindric; fruit often winged apically | 18 Thlaspi 菥(艹冥)属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile but not auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul; roots fleshy, fusiform or conical; fruit wingless or cristate apically. | (11) |
| | |
11(10) | Plants 0.5-2 m tall; infructescence a large panicle; replum slender, not flattened; racemes ebracteate | 42 Armoracia 辣根属 |
+ | Plants rarely to 0.3 m tall; infructescence a small raceme or corymb; replum broad, flattened at least basally; racemes often bracteate throughout. | (12) |
| | |
12(11) | Cauline leaves sessile; fruit often cristate apically; fruit valves obscurely veined; seeds minutely reticulate | 24 Dilophia 双脊荠属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate; fruit not cristate apically; fruit valves with a prominent midvein; seeds papillate or foveolate | 88 Taphrospermum 沟子荠属 |
| | |
13(8) | Fruit didymous, breaking into 2, closed, 1-seeded halves. | (14) |
+ | Fruit not didymous, dehiscent and readily releasing seeds, or indehiscent. | (16) |
| | |
14(13) | Fruit halves broadly winged, 8-40 mm; root fleshy, 1-15 cm in diameter | 16 Megacarpaea 高河菜属 |
+ | Fruit halves wingless, 1-2 mm; roots not fleshy, slender, much narrower. | (15) |
| | |
15(14) | Dwarf plants rarely more than 3 cm tall; all or most fruit on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette; leaves palmately veined; fruit halves smooth; stamens 6 | 17 Megadenia 双果荠属 |
+ | Plants often more than 10 cm tall; fruit in racemes; leaves pinnately veined; fruit halves prominently reticulate to rugose, very rarely smooth; stamens 2 or 4 | 11 Coronopus 臭荠属 |
| | |
16(13) | Fruit 1-seeded, obscurely differentiated into halves, without a septum, indehiscent, with thickened, central, seed-bearing part; fruiting pedicels reflexed; petals yellow. | (17) |
+ | Fruit 2-seeded, well differentiated into halves, with a well-developed septum, dehiscent or rarely indehiscent, not thickened at center; fruiting pedicels not reflexed; petals white or pink (yellow in Lepidium perfoliatum). | (19) |
| | |
17(16) | Fruit navicular, semiovoid to semiglobose, with strongly involute wing margins bearing 1 or 2 rows of tubercles; fruiting pedicels articulate at base | 31 Tauscheria 舟果荠属 |
+ | Fruit oblong, elliptic, ovate, or pyriform, flat, wingless or wing margins neither involute nor tuberculate; fruiting pedicels not articulate. | (18) |
| | |
18(17) | Fruit samaroid, more than 6 mm, wing margin not thickened | 13 Isatis 菘蓝属 |
+ | Fruit achenelike, rarely to 5 mm, wing margin strongly thickened | 14 Pachypterygium 厚壁荠属 |
| | |
19(16) | Fruit indehiscent; nectar glands confluent; style 0.7-2 mm | 12 Cardaria 群心菜属 |
+ | Fruit dehiscent; nectar glands separate teeth; style (ours) absent or to 0.8(-1) mm. | (20) |
| | |
20(19) | Fruit somewhat 4-angled; leaves leathery; caudex thick, with petiolar remains of previous years; stamens 6 | 27 Stroganowia 革叶荠属 |
+ | Fruit flat, not angled; leaves herbaceous rarely leathery; caudex absent or slender, rarely thick and with petiolar remains of previous years; stamens 2, 4, or 6 | 10 Lepidium 独行菜属 |
| | |
21(3) | Fruit on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette. | (22) |
+ | Fruit in racemes. | (25) |
| | |
22(21) | Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only; leaves entire, rarely toothed or pinnately lobed. | (23) |
+ | Plants with at least some branched trichomes; leaves subapically toothed. | (24) |
| | |
23(22) | Fruit readily detached from pedicel; valve apex persistently united with replum; replum not flattened; valves marginal veins prominent; petals purple, pink, or blue | 64 Solms-laubachia 丛菔属 |
+ | Fruit not detached from pedicel; valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; replum strongly flattened; valves marginal veins obscure or absent; petals white | 44 Pegaeophyton 单花荠属 |
| | |
24(22) | Fruit ovate or lanceolate, not geocarpic; valves prominently veined; stigma 2-lobed | 57 Desideria 扇叶芥属 |
+ | Fruit oblong, geocarpic; valves obscurely veined; stigma entire | 84 Pycnoplinthopsis 假簇芥属 |
| | |
25(21) | Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. | (26) |
+ | Plants with at least some trichomes branched. | (36) |
| | |
26(25) | Fruit indehiscent, with a woody or corky wall, sometimes breaking transversely into segments. | (27) |
+ | Fruit dehiscent, with a papery or membranous wall. | (30) |
| | |
27(26) | Style slender, 1.5-3.5 mm, readily caducous from a basal articulation; replum strongly expanded laterally | 33 Litwinowia 脱喙荠属 |
+ | Style obsolete, or fruit attenuate into a conical, persistent, stylelike beak without a basal articulation; replum not expanded laterally. | (28) |
| | |
28(27) | Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate; plants 0.5-2.5 m tall; fruit rounded at apex, strongly differentiated into a seedless basal segment and a larger, 1-seeded terminal segment | 7 Crambe 两节荠属 |
+ | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate to amplexicaul; plants rarely to 0.5 m tall; fruit tapered to apex, unsegmented. | (29) |
| | |
29(28) | Fruiting pedicels divaricate, not articulate at base; fruit 2-seeded, not constricted at middle; cotyledons spirolobal; petals white | 35 Bunias 匙荠属 |
+ | Fruiting pedicels reflexed, articulate at base; fruit 1-3-seeded, constricted between seeds; cotyledons incumbent; petals purplish or pink | 82 Goldbachia 四棱荠属 |
| | |
30(26) | At least some leaves dentate, lobed, or compound. | (31) |
+ | All leaves entire. | (33) |
| | |
31(30) | Some or all cauline leaves auriculate or sagittate at base; seeds more than 50 per fruit; petals yellow | 60 Rorippa 蔊菜属 |
+ | Cauline leaves not auriculate or sagittate at base; seeds less than 25 per fruit; petals white, pink, blue, or purple. | (32) |
| | |
32(31) | Leaves trifoliolate, pinnately compound, pinnatisect, or rarely simple; racemes ebracteate, if bracteate, then basal bracts trifoliolate; fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent all around; petals white | 26 Yinshania 阴山荠属 |
+ | Leaves palmately 3-5-lobed; racemes bracteate throughout; fruiting pedicels puberulent adaxially; petals purple, blue, or rarely pink | 28 Lignariella 弯梗芥属 |
| | |
33(30) | Raceme bracteate throughout; fruit 1- or 2-seeded; valves with 3 rows of crests; filaments of median stamens appendaged | 22 Hemilophia 半脊荠属 |
+ | Racemes ebracteate; fruit more than 2-seeded; valves without rows of crests; filaments of median stamens unappendaged. | (34) |
| | |
34(33) | Fruit (0.8-)1-1.7 cm wide; valves with prominent midvein and lateral and marginal veins, apex persistently united with replum | 64 Solms-laubachia 丛菔属 |
+ | Fruit rarely to 0.3 cm wide; valves obscurely veined or only with a prominent midvein, apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence. | (35) |
| | |
35(34) | Fruit slightly 4-angled, on a short gynophore; stems leafy; lowermost leaves cordate to ovate, often palmately veined | 89 Eutrema 山(艹俞)菜属 |
+ | Fruit terete, sessile; stems leafless; lowermost leaves linear or oblong, pinnately veined | 96 Braya 肉叶荠属 |
| | |
36(25) | Fruit indehiscent, often nutletlike, with woody or corky wall. | (37) |
+ | Fruit dehiscent, with papery wall. | (41) |
| | |
37(36) | Plants with glandular trichomes, if eglandular then fruit strongly reflexed. | (38) |
+ | Plants eglandular, fruit erect to divaricate. | (39) |
| | |
38(37) | Fruiting pedicels divaricate; trichomes simple and forked; seeds wingless, 1 or 2; cotyledons spirolobal; petals bright yellow | 35 Bunias 匙荠属 |
+ | Fruiting pedicels strongly reflexed; trichomes dendritic; seeds winged, often more than 2; cotyledons accumbent; petals yellowish white | 67 Microstigma 小柱芥属 |
| | |
39(37) | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate or sagittate; style less than 1 mm; stigma entire; fruit readily detached from divaricate pedicels; petals yellow | 34 Neslia 球果荠属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate or sagittate; style 1-7 mm; stigma deeply 2-lobed; fruit not readily detached from erect-ascending pedicels; petals white or pink. | (40) |
| | |
40(39) | Fruit densely covered with silky trichomes 5-8 mm; style (2.5-)4-7 mm; petals pink | 29 Lachnoloma 绵果荠属 |
+ | Fruit scabrous with minute trichomes less than 1 mm; style less than 2 mm; petals white | 32 Euclidium 鸟头荠属 |
| | |
41(36) | Raceme bracteate throughout or at least along proximal half. | (42) |
+ | Raceme ebracteate. | (45) |
| | |
42(41) | Fruit 1- or 2-seeded. | (43) |
+ | Fruit more than 4-seeded. | (44) |
| | |
43(42) | Fruit valves with 3 rows of crests; fruiting pedicels straight or slightly curved, not forming a loop; leaves entire; filaments of median stamens appendaged | 22 Hemilophia 半脊荠属 |
+ | Fruit valves without crests; fruiting pedicels often forming a loop; at least some leaves dentate or lobed near apex; filaments of median stamens unappendaged | 23 Dipoma 蛇头荠属 |
| | |
44(42) | Fruit latiseptate; trichomes forked or stellate; cotyledons accumbent | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
+ | Fruit terete; trichomes dendritic; cotyledons incumbent | 100 Sophiopsis 羽裂叶荠属 |
| | |
45(41) | Leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or 3-5-foliolate. | (46) |
+ | Leaves entire or rarely dentate. | (48) |
| | |
46(45) | Branched trichomes forked; inflorescence paniculate, ultimate branches flexuous | 26 Yinshania 阴山荠属 |
+ | Branched trichomes dendritic; inflorescence non-flexuous racemes, if branched then fruit more than 10-seeded. | (47) |
| | |
47(46) | Annuals or biennials; seeds mucilaginous when wetted; petals yellow | 100 Sophiopsis 羽裂叶荠属 |
+ | Pulvinate perennials; seeds not mucilaginous when wetted; petals white | 101 Smelowskia 芹叶荠属 |
| | |
48(45) | Cauline leaves auriculate or sagittate at base; fruit obpyriform; valves connate at margin and hiding replum, beaklike apex caudate, extending into style | 98 Camelina 亚麻荠属 |
+ | Cauline leaves often neither auriculate nor sagittate at base; fruit variously shaped but not obpyriform; valve margins not connate, apex not extending into a caudate beak. | (49) |
| | |
49(48) | Branched trichomes exclusively malpighiaceous. | (50) |
+ | Branched trichomes stellate or forked. | (51) |
| | |
50(49) | Fruit 1- or 2- seeded; seeds orbicular; simple trichomes absent | 38 Lobularia 香雪球属 |
+ | Fruit more than 4-seeded; seeds oblong or ovate; simple trichomes present | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
| | |
51(49) | Branched trichomes exclusively stellate, sessile, appressed. | (52) |
+ | At least some of the branched trichomes simple or forked, stalked, not appressed. | (53) |
| | |
52(51) | Seeds broadly winged (wing to 1 mm wide); petals deeply bifid; filaments not toothed or winged | 37 Galitzkya 翅籽荠属 |
+ | Seeds wingless or narrowly margined (margin to 0.1 mm wide); petals obtuse or emarginate; filaments often toothed or winged | 36 Alyssum 庭荠属 |
| | |
53(51) | Cauline leaves absent. | (54) |
+ | Cauline leaves present. | (55) |
| | |
54(53) | Style conical or subconical; fruit 5-10 mm wide; cotyledons incumbent, if accumbent then septum reduced to a rim | 58 Eurycarpus 宽果芥属 |
+ | Style obsolete or cylindric; fruit rarely to 4 mm wide; cotyledons accumbent | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
| | |
55(53) | Fruit 1- or 2(-4)-seeded; stamens often toothed or winged | 36 Alyssum 庭荠属 |
+ | Fruit more than 4-seeded; stamens neither toothed nor winged. | (56) |
| | |
56(55) | Fruit torulose; cotyledons incumbent | 96 Braya 肉叶荠属 |
+ | Fruit not torulose, smooth; cotyledons accumbent. | (57) |
| | |
57(56) | Annuals or biennials; petals deeply bifid; seed narrowly margined | 39 Berteroa 团扇荠属 |
+ | Perennials, or if annuals then styles obsolete; petals obtuse or rarely emarginate, sometimes absent; seeds not margined. | (58) |
| | |
58(57) | Plants stoloniferous; filament bases broadly dilated | 40 Coelonema 穴丝荠属 |
+ | Plants cespitose, perennials or rarely annuals; filament bases not dilated | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
| | |
59(1) | Fruit borne on solitary pedicels originating from basal rosette. | (60) |
+ | Fruit borne on racemes, corymbs, or panicles. | (67) |
| | |
60(59) | Plants with glandular trichomes; fruit lomentaceous, breaking into 1-seeded corky units | 68 Chorispora 离子芥属 |
+ | Plants without glandular trichomes; fruit dehiscent, not breaking into units. | (61) |
| | |
61(60) | Stigma conical, prominently 2-lobed, lobes decurrent; seeds often broadly winged | 72 Leiospora 光籽芥属 |
+ | Stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed and lobes not decurrent; seeds wingless. | (62) |
| | |
62(61) | Plants with branched trichomes. | (63) |
+ | Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. | (65) |
| | |
63(62) | Leaves entire; plants ca. 2 cm tall | 86 Baimashania 白马芥属 |
+ | At least some leaves coarsely dentate; plants much coarser. | (64) |
| | |
64(63) | Fruit strongly flattened; valves prominently veined, apex persistently united with replum; style obsolete; calyx deciduous before fruit maturity; cotyledons accumbent | 57 Desideria 扇叶芥属 |
+ | Fruit terete; valves obscurely veined, readily separated from replum at dehiscence; style distinct; calyx persistent at fruit base; cotyledons incumbent | 84 Pycnoplinthopsis 假簇芥属 |
| | |
65(63) | Fruit valves prominently veined; replum terete; fruiting pedicels neither persistent nor puberulent along 1 line. | (66) |
+ | Fruit valves obscurely veined; replum flattened; fruiting pedicels persistent next season, puberulent along 1 line | 44 Pegaeophyton 单花荠属 |
| | |
66(65) | Style obsolete; valve apex persistently united with replum; cotyledons accumbent | 64 Solms-laubachia 丛菔属 |
+ | Style distinct, to 1 mm; valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; cotyledons incumbent | 85 Pycnoplinthus 簇芥属 |
| | |
67(66) | Glandular trichomes present. | (68) |
+ | Glandular trichomes absent. | (77) |
| | |
68(67) | Branched trichomes present. | (69) |
+ | Branched trichomes absent. | (71) |
| | |
69(68) | Fruit and fruiting pedicels strongly reflexed; cotyledons accumbent | 67 Microstigma 小柱芥属 |
+ | Fruit and fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending; cotyledons incumbent. | (70) |
| | |
70(69) | Fruit valves with a prominent midvein; branched trichomes forked; stigma lobes decurrent; glands on uniseriate, few-celled stalks; median filaments not united | 75 Hesperis 香花芥属 |
+ | Fruit valves not or obscurely veined; branched trichomes dendritic; stigma lobes not decurrent; glands on multiseriate, multicellular stalks; median filaments united in pairs | 81 Oreoloma 爪花芥属 |
| | |
71(68) | Stigma slightly lobed, lobes neither decurrent nor connivent; median filaments united in pairs or strongly flattened; lateral sepals not saccate | 63 Dontostemon 花旗杆属 |
+ | Stigma prominently lobed; lobes decurrent, connivent; median filaments neither united nor strongly flattened; lateral sepals saccate. | (72) |
| | |
72(71) | Fruit terete; seeds wingless. | (73) |
+ | Fruit (at least distal ones) flattened; seeds winged. | (74) |
| | |
73(72) | Fruit breaking transversely into 1-seeded corky units; style 1-9 mm; cotyledons accumbent | 68 Chorispora 离子芥属 |
+ | Fruit dehiscent, not breaking into corky units; style obsolete; cotyledons incumbent | 75 Hesperis 香花芥属 |
| | |
74(72) | Fruit dimorphic, lowermost indehiscent, corky, and terete, uppermost dehiscent and flattened; replum rounded | 69 Diptychocarpus 异果芥属 |
+ | Fruit of 1 kind, dehiscent, flattened, terete; replum flattened. | (75) |
| | |
75(74) | Cauline leaves absent, rarely few; fruit (2-)2.5-7 mm wide; seeds broadly winged, wing 0.5-3 mm wide | 70 Parrya 条果芥属 |
+ | Cauline leaves several; fruit 1.5-2 mm wide; seeds narrowly winged, wing 0.1-0.4 mm wide. | (76) |
| | |
76(75) | Basal leaves not rosulate; stigma capitate, lobes slightly decurrent | 76 Clausia 香芥属 |
+ | Basal leaves rosulate; stigma linear, lobes strongly decurrent | 77 Pseudoclausia 假香芥属 |
| | |
77(67) | Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes only. | (78) |
+ | Plants with branched trichomes. | (121) |
| | |
78(77) | Fruit indehiscent, sometimes breaking transversely into corky, 1-seeded units. | (79) |
+ | Fruit dehiscent. | (83) |
| | |
79(78) | Cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul; style obsolete or rarely to 2 mm; lateral sepals not saccate. | (80) |
+ | Cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul; style distinct, 5-50 mm; lateral sepals often strongly saccate. | (81) |
| | |
80(79) | Fruit a samara, strongly angustiseptate, 1-seeded; petals yellow | 13 Isatis 菘蓝属 |
+ | Fruit nutletlike, terete or angled, 1-3 seeded, if 2- or 3- seeded then breaking transversely into 1-seeded units; petals purple or pink | 82 Goldbachia 四棱荠属 |
| | |
81(79) | Fruit 1-seeded, S-shaped, with a slender, stipelike base; fruiting pedicels articulate at base | 30 Spirorhynchus 螺果荠属 |
+ | Fruit more than 2-seeded, linear, lanceolate, or ovoid, sessile or nearly so; fruiting pedicels not articulate at base. | (82) |
| | |
82(81) | Stigma capitate, entire or slightly lobed; cotyledons conduplicate; plants annual or biennial; petal veins darker in color than rest of petal | 6 Raphanus 萝卜属 |
+ | Stigma conical, with prominently decurrent and connivent lobes; cotyledons accumbent; plants perennial; petals uniform in color | 68 Chorispora 离子芥属 |
| | |
83(78) | Raceme bracteate throughout or rarely only along proximal half. | (84) |
+ | Raceme ebracteate. | (92) |
| | |
84(83) | Cauline leaves palmately veined. | (85) |
+ | Cauline leaves pinnately veined. | (88) |
| | |
85(84) | Fruit flattened, valves coiled during dehiscence | 43 Cardamine 碎米荠属 |
+ | Fruit terete or 4-angled, valves not coiled during dehiscence. | (86) |
| | |
86(85) | Leaves with distinct apiculate callosities terminating ultimate veins | 89 Eutrema 山(艹俞)菜属 |
+ | Leaves without apiculate callosities terminating ultimate veins. | (87) |
| | |
87(86) | Taproot fleshy, fusiform; stigma 2-lobed; fruiting pedicels glabrous; cotyledons accumbent; median staminal filaments 1-toothed; petals white | 25 Platycraspedum 宽框荠属 |
+ | Taproot not fleshy, slender; stigma entire; fruiting pedicels papillate adaxially; cotyledons incumbent; petals purple | 28 Lignariella 弯梗芥属 |
| | |
88(84) | Fruit 90-200-seeded; plants annual | 60 Rorippa 蔊菜属 |
+ | Fruit 4-30-seeded; plants biennial or perennial with caudices, rhizomes, or fleshy taproots. | (89) |
| | |
89(88) | Fruit valves with prominent midvein and marginal veins, apex persistently united with replum; at least some leaves dentate; fruit 14-26-seeded; style obsolete | 57 Desideria 扇叶芥属 |
+ | Fruit valves usually obscurely veined, readily separated from replum at dehiscence; leaves entire; fruit 4-12-seeded; style more than 0.5 mm. | (90) |
| | |
90(89) | Replum flattened; roots fleshy; plants without rhizomes or caudices; basal leaves not persistent | 88 Taphrospermum 沟子荠属 |
+ | Replum terete; roots not fleshy; plants with rhizomes or caudices; basal leaves or petioles often persistent. | (91) |
| | |
91(90) | Fruit not torulose; cotyledons incumbent | 45 Phaeonychium 藏芥属 |
+ | Fruit torulose; cotyledons accumbent | 62 Lepidostemon 鳞蕊芥属 |
| | |
92(83) | Fruit angustiseptate | 18 Thlaspi 菥(艹冥)属 |
+ | Fruit latiseptate, terete, or angled. | (93) |
| | |
93(92) | Stigma conical or cylindric, with prominent, decurrent lobes. | (94) |
+ | Stigma capitate, entire, or if lobed then lobes not decurrent. | (98) |
| | |
94(93) | Fruit latiseptate; seeds broadly winged; cauline leaves absent or rarely few. | (95) |
+ | Fruit terete or 4-angled; seeds wingless; cauline leaves several. | (96) |
| | |
95(94) | Style distinct, 0.5-6 mm; valve apex readily separated at dehiscence from replum | 70 Parrya 条果芥属 |
+ | Style absent; valve apex persistently united with replum | 72 Leiospora 光籽芥属 |
| | |
96(94) | Fruit not torulose, segmented, with stylelike, ensiform, 5-veined, terminal segment | 5 Eruca 芝麻菜属 |
+ | Fruit torulose, unsegmented, with a distinct style 1-3 mm. | (97) |
| | |
97(96) | Leaves pectinate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe about as large as lateral ones; cotyledons accumbent | 63 Dontostemon 花旗杆属 |
+ | Leaves simple or pinnatisect, terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones; cotyledons conduplicate | 8 Orychophragmus 诸葛菜属 |
| | |
98(93) | Cotyledons conduplicate; fruit often segmented, usually with a beaklike terminal segment; seeds globose, rarely ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong. | (99) |
+ | Cotyledons accumbent or incumbent; fruit unsegmented, not beaked at apex; seeds variously shaped but never globose. | (102) |
| | |
99(98) | Fruit flattened; seeds biseriate | 4 Diplotaxis 二行芥属 |
+ | Fruit terete or 4-angled; seeds uniseriate. | (100) |
| | |
100(99) | Fruit valves prominently 3-7-veined | 3 Sinapis 白芥属 |
+ | Fruit valves obscurely veined or only midvein prominent. | (101) |
| | |
101(100) | Stigma entire; seeds globose; fruit often segmented, without style or with stylelike beak; petals yellow | 2 Brassica 芸苔属 |
+ | Stigma distinctly 2-lobed, lobes subdecurrent; seeds oblong; fruit not segmented, with a distinct style; petals purple, lavender, or white | 8 Orychophragmus 诸葛菜属 |
| | |
102(101) | Fruit valves without a midvein, always coiled during dehiscence; replum strongly flattened or winged | 43 Cardamine 碎米荠属 |
+ | Fruit valves with a prominent midvein or sometimes obscurely veined, never coiled during or after dehiscence; replum terete or rarely slightly flattened (a few Dontostemon). | (103) |
| | |
103(101) | All leaves palmately veined, undivided and reniform, cordate, deltoid, or broadly ovate. | (104) |
+ | Leaves pinnately veined, pinnately divided, if undivided then shapes different from above. | (108) |
| | |
104(103) | Leaf margin with distinct, mucronate callosities terminating ultimate veins; fruit valves obscurely veined. | (105) |
+ | Leaf margin without mucronate callosities; fruit valves prominently veined. | (106) |
| | |
105(104) | Annuals; fruit more than 10-seeded; cotyledons accumbent | 47 Neomartinella 堇叶芥属 |
+ | Rhizomatous perennials; fruit less than 10 seeded; cotyledons incumbent | 89 Eutrema 山(艹俞)菜属 |
| | |
106(100) | Leaves flabellate, obovate, or spatulate; fruit latiseptate, valve apex persistently united with replum; cotyledons accumbent | 57 Desideria 扇叶芥属 |
+ | Leaves reniform, ovate, or deltoid; fruit terete or 4-angled, valve apex readily separated from replum at dehiscence; cotyledons incumbent. | (107) |
| | |
107(106) | Biennials; fruit torulose, valves 3-veined; seeds longitudinally striate | 87 Alliaria 葱芥属 |
+ | Perennials; fruit not torulose, valves 1-veined; seeds reticulate | 89 Eutrema 山(艹俞)菜属 |
| | |
108(107) | At least lowermost cauline leaves pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or pinnately compound. | (109) |
+ | Leaves entire or dentate. | (113) |
| | |
109(108) | Fruit valves not veined or obscurely veined, if with a distinct midvein then seeds biseriate and colliculate. | (110) |
+ | Fruit valves with prominent midvein and marginal veins. | (111) |
| | |
110(109) | Leaves pinnatisect or lyrate; stems solid, not rooting from lowermost nodes; seeds foveolate or colliculate; petals yellow | 60 Rorippa 蔊菜属 |
+ | Leaves pinnately compound; stems hollow, rooting from lowermost nodes; seeds coarsely reticulate; petals white | 61 Nasturtium 豆瓣菜属 |
| | |
111(109) | Upper cauline leaves auriculate; stems distinctly angular | 46 Barbarea 山芥属 |
+ | Upper cauline leaves not auriculate; stems usually terete. | (112) |
| | |
112(111) | Fruit flattened; stigma entire; cotyledons accumbent; petals white or pink | 49 Sisymbriopsis 假蒜芥属 |
+ | Fruit terete; stigma 2-lobed; cotyledons incumbent; petals yellow | 90 Sisymbrium 大蒜芥属 |
| | |
113(108) | Cauline leaves absent. | (114) |
+ | Cauline leaves present. | (115) |
| | |
114(113) | Fruit lanceolate, latiseptate; basal leaves setose-ciliate | 45 Phaeonychium 藏芥属 |
+ | Fruit ovoid, terete; basal leaves not setose-ciliate | 96 Braya 肉叶荠属 |
| | |
115(113) | Seeds foveolate or colliculate, 60-110 per fruit; petals yellow; cotyledons accumbent | 60 Rorippa 蔊菜属 |
+ | Seeds reticulate, fewer per fruit, (to 96 in Thellungiella salsuginea); petals white, lavender, or purple (yellow in Christolea); cotyledons incumbent (accumbent in some Dontostemon). | (116) |
| | |
116(107) | Annuals. | (117) |
+ | Perennials. | (119) |
| | |
117(116) | Raceme rachis with minute, twisted trichomes; plants not glaucous; cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul; filaments of median stamens united in pairs | 63 Dontostemon 花旗杆属 |
+ | Raceme rachis glabrous; plants glaucous; cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul (except for Thellungiella parvula); filaments of median stamens free. | (118) |
| | |
118(117) | Fruit 3-10 cm, valves with an obscure midvein; seeds 1.5-2 mm | 9 Conringia 线果芥属 |
+ | Fruit 0.2-2 cm, valves with a prominent midvein; seeds 0.4-0.8 mm | 97 Thellungiella 盐芥属 |
| | |
119(116) | At least middle and lower cauline leaves petiolate, dentate; seeds transversely oriented in fruit; petals yellow | 56 Christolea 高原芥属 |
+ | Leaves sessile, entire; seeds longitudinally oriented in fruit; petals white or purple. | (120) |
| | |
120(119) | Seeds 20-60 per fruit; fruit terete or latiseptate; median staminal filaments united in pairs | 63 Dontostemon 花旗杆属 |
+ | Seeds 2-10 per fruit; fruit slightly 4-angled; median staminal filaments free | 89 Eutrema 山(艹俞)菜属 |
| | |
121(77) | Cauline leaves 1- or 2-pinnatisect or narrowly trifid. | (122) |
+ | Cauline leaves undivided, lyrate, or rarely pinnatifid. | (129) |
| | |
122(121) | Fruit angustiseptate | 20 Hedinia 藏荠属 |
+ | Fruit terete or latiseptate. | (123) |
| | |
123(122) | Fruit latiseptate; filaments of median stamens united in pairs. | (124) |
+ | Fruit terete or slightly 4-angled; filaments of median stamens free. | (125) |
| | |
124(123) | Fruit tardily dehiscent, not torulose; leaf segments filiform; stigma conical; seeds wingless | 73 Leptaleum 丝叶芥属 |
+ | Fruit readily dehiscent, torulose; ultimate leaf segment oblong; stigma capitate; seeds narrowly winged distally | 95 Synstemon 连蕊芥属 |
| | |
125(123) | Infructescence rachis straight; uppermost leaves pinnatisect, rarely pinnatifid. | (126) |
+ | Infructescence rachis flexuous; uppermost leaves narrowly trifid | 91 Ianhedgea 葶芥属 |
| | |
126(125) | Dendritic trichomes absent; valves obscurely veined or not veined | 102 Sinosophiopsis 华羽芥属 |
+ | Dendritic trichomes present; valves often prominently veined. | (127) |
| | |
127(126) | Pulvinate perennials; petals white or rarely pale yellow; style 0.5-1.5 mm; seeds not mucilaginous when wetted | 101 Smelowskia 芹叶荠属 |
+ | Annuals or biennials; petals yellow; style obsolete or rarely to 0.5 mm; seeds mucilaginous when wetted. | (128) |
| | |
128(127) | Fruit linear, 20-40-seeded, more than 1 cm, torulose | 99 Descurainia 播娘蒿属 |
+ | Fruit obovoid to ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid-linear, 4-16-seeded, rarely to 1 cm, not torulose | 100 Sophiopsis 羽裂叶荠属 |
| | |
129(121) | Fruit subapically 4-horned | 65 Tetracme 四齿芥 |
+ | Fruit not horned. | (130) |
| | |
130(129) | Stigma conical, with strongly decurrent, connivent or united lobes. | (131) |
+ | Stigma capitate, entire or slightly lobed, rarely with divergent lobes. | (134) |
| | |
131(130) | Fruit latiseptate; seeds broadly winged; trichomes stellate and/or dendritic; cotyledons accumbent. | (132) |
+ | Fruit terete or 4-angled (latiseptate in Malcolmia hispida and M. karelinii); seeds wingless; trichomes simple and forked; cotyledons incumbent. | (133) |
| | |
132(131) | Perennials; fruit 6-11 cm × 1.5-2.7 mm; petals linear, circinately involute | 66 Matthiola 紫罗兰属 |
+ | Annuals; fruit 3-5 cm × 3-6 mm; petals oblong-obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, flat | 71 Cithareloma 对枝菜属 |
| | |
133(131) | Annuals; lateral sepals not saccate | 74 Malcolmia 涩芥属 |
+ | Perennials or biennials; lateral sepals saccate | 75 Hesperis 香花芥属 |
| | |
134(130) | At least fruit, pedicels, and distal portions of stem exclusively or predominately with malpighiaceous trichomes and without simple trichomes ones. | (135) |
+ | Malpighiaceous trichomes absent from distal portions of plant. | (137) |
| | |
135(134) | Fruit indehiscent, breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments; septum absent; lowermost parts of plant with stalked trichomes | 79 Cryptospora 隐子芥属 |
+ | Fruit dehiscent; septum present; all parts of plant with sessile, appressed trichomes. | (136) |
| | |
136(135) | Cotyledons accumbent; petals white becoming purple; anthers of median stamens 1-lobed | 78 Atelanthera 异药芥属 |
+ | Cotyledons incumbent; petals yellow or orange; anthers of median stamens 2-lobed | 83 Erysimum 糖芥属 |
| | |
137(134) | Fruit (3-)3.5-7(-10) mm wide. | (138) |
+ | Fruit to 2(-2.5) mm wide. | (142) |
| | |
138(137) | Fruit on a recurved gynophore 3-5 mm; stamens long exserted, 7-10 mm | 1 Macropodium 长柄芥属 |
+ | Fruit sessile; stamens included or slightly exserted, less than 7 mm. | (139) |
| | |
139(138) | Racemes bracteate throughout | 57 Desideria 扇叶芥属 |
+ | Racemes ebracteate. | (140) |
| | |
140(139) | Fruit strongly reflexed, 4-angled, indehiscent; seeds winged | 67 Microstigma 小柱芥属 |
+ | Fruit erect to divaricate, latiseptate, dehiscent; seeds wingless. | (141) |
| | |
141(140) | Fruit margins strongly indurated, bases of valves and replum persistently united; petals white; filaments of median stamens winged | 62 Lepidostemon 鳞蕊芥属 |
+ | Fruit margins not indurated, bases of valves and replum readily separated at dehiscence; petals purplish; median stamens slender | 58 Eurycarpus 宽果芥属 |
| | |
142(137) | Fruit indehiscent, breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments; filaments of median stamens united to middle or nearly to apex | 80 Sterigmostemum 棒果芥属 |
+ | Fruit dehiscent; filaments of median stamens free, rarely united only at base (Synstemon petrovii). | (143) |
| | |
143(142) | Seeds winged at least distally. | (144) |
+ | Seeds wingless. | (146) |
| | |
144(143) | Cotyledons incumbent; filaments of median stamens united at base; petal claws pilose | 95 Synstemon 连蕊芥属 |
+ | Cotyledons accumbent; filaments of median stamens free; petal claws glabrous. | (145) |
| | |
145(144) | Cauline leaves auriculate at base, or absent; valves obscurely veined or only midvein distinct; fruit elliptic-linear in cross section | 48 Arabis 南芥属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate; valves with prominent midvein and 2 marginal veins and conspicuous lateral ones; fruit rectangular in cross section | 49 Sisymbriopsis 假蒜芥属 |
| | |
146(143) | Fruit latiseptate. | (147) |
+ | Fruit terete or 4-angled. | (158) |
| | |
147(146) | Fruiting stems leafless. | (148) |
+ | Fruiting stems leafy. | (152) |
| | |
148(147) | Annuals or biennials. | (149) |
+ | Perennials with well-developed caudex. | (150) |
| | |
149(148) | Fruit valve obscurely veined; seeds biseriate | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
+ | Fruit valve with a prominent midvein; seeds uniseriate | 55 Drabopsis 假葶苈属 |
| | |
150(148) | Seeds biseriate; petals yellow | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
+ | Seeds uniseriate; petals white or pink. | (151) |
| | |
151(150) | Plants robust, not pulvinate, 8-30 cm tall; cotyledons incumbent; petals 6.5-10 mm | 45 Phaeonychium 藏芥属 |
+ | Plants slender, pulvinate, to 2 cm tall; cotyledons accumbent; petals 3-4 mm | 86 Baimashania 白马芥属 |
| | |
152(147) | Racemes bracteate throughout or at least along proximal part. | (153) |
+ | Racemes ebracteate. | (155) |
| | |
153(152) | Cotyledons accumbent; fruits often twisted; seeds biseriate | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
+ | Cotyledons incumbent; fruits not twisted; seeds uniseriate. | (154) |
| | |
154(153) | Fruit linear; seeds uniseriate | 45 Phaeonychium 藏芥属 |
+ | Fruit lanceolate or elliptic; seeds biseriate | 92 Aphragmus 寒原荠属 |
| | |
155(152) | Plants exclusively with appressed, stellate trichomes; lateral sepals subsaccate; replum constricted between seeds; seeds 6-12 per fruit | 54 Stevenia 曙南芥属 |
+ | Plants with more than 1 kind of trichomes; lateral sepals often not saccate; replum not constricted between seeds; seeds (16-)20-80 per fruit. | (156) |
| | |
156(155) | Seeds biseriate; fruit narrowly oblong, lanceolate, lanceolate-linear, or rarely linear, often slightly to strongly contorted | 41 Draba 葶苈属 |
+ | Seeds uniseriate; fruit narrowly linear, not contorted. | (157) |
| | |
157(156) | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base; at least some trichomes stellate | 48 Arabis 南芥属 |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate at base; trichomes simple and forked | 50 Arabidopsis 鼠耳芥属 |
| | |
158(146) | Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base. | (159) |
+ | Cauline leaves petiolate or narrowed to a petiolelike base, never auriculate, or fruiting stems leafless. | (162) |
| | |
159(158) | Fruit nearly 4-angled, appressed to rachis; plants glaucous distally; cotyledons accumbent | 59 Turritis 旗杆芥属 |
+ | Fruit terete, variously oriented, if appressed to stem then racemes bracteate and/or fruit pubescent; plants not glaucous distally; cotyledons incumbent. | (160) |
| | |
160(159) | Branched trichomes sessile, all stellate | 53 Pseudoarabidopsis 假鼠耳芥属 |
+ | Branched trichomes forked, submalpighiaceous, subdendritic, and stellate, often more than 1 type present. | (161) |
| | |
161(160) | Fruit with submalpighiaceous trichomes; petals yellow or rarely creamy white; racemes ebracteate | 52 Olimarabidopsis 无苞芥属 |
+ | Fruit glabrous or with stellate or forked trichomes; petals purple, pink, or white; racemes often bracteate at least basally | 51 Crucihimalaya 须弥芥属 |
| | |
162(158) | Fruit pubescent. | (163) |
+ | Fruit glabrous. | (165) |
| | |
163(162) | Plants with exclusively stalked, stellate trichomes; filaments of median stamens strongly flattened or winged at base | 93 Berteroella 锥果芥属 |
+ | Plants with a mixture of simple, forked, stellate, or submalpighiaceous trichomes; filaments of median stamens slender. | (164) |
| | |
164(163) | Fruit linear, sometimes curved or twisted; stems often subdecumbent; plants annual, if perennial then racemes bracteate at least basally | 94 Neotorularia 念珠芥属 |
+ | Fruit oblong, ovoid, or rarely linear; stems erect; plants perennial, with ebracteate racemes | 96 Braya 肉叶荠属 |
| | |
165(162) | Fruiting stems leafy. | (166) |
+ | Fruiting stems leafless. | (167) |
| | |
166(165) | Plants with exclusively simple and forked trichomes; upper cauline leaves entire; seeds 0.3-0.5 mm | 50 Arabidopsis 鼠耳芥属 |
+ | Plants with some stellate and/or dendritic trichomes; at least some upper cauline leaves dentate, denticulate, or lobed; seeds larger | 51 Crucihimalaya 须弥芥属 |
| | |
167(165) | Annuals; fruit linear; fruiting pedicels nearly as wide as fruit | 94 Neotorularia 念珠芥属 |
+ | Perennials; fruit ovoid, oblong, or rarely linear; fruiting pedicels narrower than fruit | 96 Braya 肉叶荠属 |
| | |